Philip K. DickÂ’s mulÂtiÂple worlds have appeared in increasÂingÂly betÂter ediÂtions since the author passed away in 1982. In the 21st cenÂtuÂry, respectable hardÂbacks and qualÂiÂty paper have fulÂly replaced yelÂlowed, pulpy pages. Maybe no ediÂtion yet is more attracÂtive than the Folio SociÂety of LonÂdon’s two-volÂume hardÂback set of DickÂ’s selectÂed short stoÂries, illusÂtratÂed by 24 difÂferÂent artists and includÂing tales that have surÂvived film adapÂtaÂtions, for betÂter and worse, like “PayÂcheck,” “The MinorÂiÂty Report,” and “We Can RememÂber It for You WholeÂsale.” The books will set you back $125, but that’s a small sum comÂpared to the price of an earÂliÂer, four-volÂume ComÂplete Short StoÂries, pubÂlished in a limÂitÂed ediÂtion of 750, day-glo, hand-numÂbered copies. These sold out in less than 48 hours and now go for $2,500 in rare online sales.
In death Dick has achieved what he sought in his writÂing life: sucÂcess as litÂerÂary author. He thought he would evenÂtuÂalÂly pubÂlish his realÂist ficÂtion to earn the repÂuÂtaÂtion, vowÂing in 1960 that he would “take twenÂty to thirÂty years to sucÂceed as a litÂerÂary writer.” Instead, he’s famous for great ficÂtion that just hapÂpens to use the idiom of sci-fi to ask, as he wrote in an undeÂlivÂered 1978 speech: “What is realÂiÂty?” and “What conÂstiÂtutes an authenÂtic human being?”
We tend to assoÂciate these exisÂtenÂtial, pre-post-modÂernist quesÂtions with novÂels and novelÂlas from the 60s and 70s that comÂmuÂniÂcate DickÂ’s paraÂnoid worldÂview — works nomÂiÂnatÂed for a NebÂuÂla Award, for examÂple, like Do Androids Dream of ElecÂtric Sheep?, the source for the best of the film adapÂtaÂtions, Blade RunÂner.
Dick first won fame in 1963 when he was givÂen the Hugo Award for The Man in the High CasÂtle, a book that exceeds the boundÂaries of genre to become, unmisÂtakÂably, a PKD origÂiÂnal. His earÂliÂer stoÂries, on the othÂer hand, writÂten throughÂout the 1950s when the author was in his twenÂties, tend to folÂlow the conÂvenÂtions of the hard sci-fi of the time, with the same themes of space travÂel, robotÂics, and othÂer futurÂisÂtic techÂnolÂoÂgy that preÂdomÂiÂnate in Robert HeinÂlein and Isaac AsiÂmov. SuperÂfiÂcialÂly, there might seem litÂtle to disÂtinÂguish DickÂ’s earÂly stoÂries from othÂer writÂing of the time pubÂlished in pulps like SciÂence FicÂtion QuarÂterÂly, Galaxy SciÂence FicÂtion, and IF.
But the earÂly stoÂries show the unmisÂtakÂable touch of the latÂer novÂelÂist. There are the flashÂes of humor, absurÂdiÂty, deep insight into the human psyÂche, and the warmth and empaÂthy DickÂ’s narÂraÂtive voice nevÂer lost even in his most bizarre fugues. In his first pubÂlished stoÂry, “Roog,” sold in 1951, Dick imagÂines a dog who believes the garbage men come to steal the famÂiÂly’s food, leavÂing only the empÂty metÂal storÂage can behind. “CerÂtainÂly, I decidÂed,” he writes, “that dog sees the world quite difÂferÂentÂly than I do, or any humans. And then I began to think, maybe each human being lives in a unique world, a priÂvate world, a world difÂferÂent from those inhabÂitÂed and expeÂriÂenced by all othÂer humans.”
It’s a short leap from these thoughts to the idea that there might be no sinÂguÂlar realÂiÂty at all to fight over. Back then, he says, “I had no idea that such funÂdaÂmenÂtal issues could be purÂsued in the sciÂence ficÂtion field. I began to purÂsue them unconÂsciousÂly.” His unconÂscious led him, in 1954’s “AdjustÂment Team” — the source of a less-than-great film — to imagÂine anothÂer dog, one who talks and interÂferes in human affairs (a detail omitÂted, thankÂfulÂly, from The AdjustÂment Bureau). DickÂ’s earÂly stoÂries often feaÂtured comÂiÂcal aniÂmals — such as the Okja-like MarÂtÂian pig in “Beyond Likes the Wub,” a highÂly-intelÂliÂgent creaÂture capaÂble of telepaÂthy and deep feelÂing. While he would turn his attenÂtion from aniÂmals and aliens to androids, alterÂnate realÂiÂties, and altered states of conÂsciousÂness, Dick always had the abilÂiÂty to turn the genre of sciÂence ficÂtion into a litÂerÂary tool for the most darÂing of philoÂsophÂiÂcal invesÂtiÂgaÂtions.
Learn more about the two-volÂume Folio SociÂety SelectÂed StoÂries of Philip K. Dick here.
RelatÂed ConÂtent:
33 Sci-Fi StoÂries by Philip K. Dick as Free Audio Books & Free eBooks
Hear 6 ClasÂsic Philip K. Dick StoÂries AdaptÂed as VinÂtage Radio Plays
Josh Jones is a writer and musiÂcian based in Durham, NC. FolÂlow him at @jdmagness
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