Hear What It Sounds Like When Philosopher Daniel Dennett’s Brain Activity Gets Turned into Music

The refine­ments of med­ical imag­ing tech­nolo­gies like fMRI have giv­en neu­ro­sci­en­tists, psy­chol­o­gists, and philoso­phers bet­ter tools with which to study how the brain responds to all sorts of stim­uli. We’ve seen stud­ies of the brain on Jane Austen, the brain on LSD, the brain on jazz improv…. Music, it seems, offers an espe­cial­ly rich field for brain research, what with its con­nec­tion to lan­guage, bod­i­ly coor­di­na­tion, math­e­mat­ics, and vir­tu­al­ly every oth­er area of human intel­li­gence. Sci­en­tists at MIT have even dis­cov­ered which spe­cif­ic regions of the brain respond to music.

And yet, though we might think of music as a dis­crete phe­nom­e­non that stim­u­lates iso­lat­ed parts of the brain, Brownell pro­fes­sor of phi­los­o­phy Dan Lloyd has a much more rad­i­cal hypoth­e­sis, “that brain dynam­ics resem­ble the dynam­ics of music.”

He restates the idea in more poet­ic terms in an arti­cle for Trin­i­ty Col­lege: “All brains are musical—you and I are sym­phonies.” Plen­ty of peo­ple who can bare­ly whis­tle on key or clap to a beat might dis­agree. But Lloyd doesn’t mean to sug­gest that we all have musi­cal tal­ent, but that—as he says in his talk below—“everything that goes on in the brain can be inter­pret­ed as hav­ing musi­cal form.”

To demon­strate his the­o­ry, Lloyd chose not a musi­cian or com­pos­er as a test sub­ject, but anoth­er philosopher—and one whose brain he par­tic­u­lar­ly admires—Daniel Den­nett. And instead of giv­ing us yet more col­or­ful but baf­fling brain images to look at, he chose to con­vert fMRI scans of Dennett’s brain—“12 giga­bytes of 3‑d snap­shots of his cranium”—into music, turn­ing data into sound through a process called “soni­fi­ca­tion.” You can hear the result at the top of the post—the music of Dennett’s brain, which is appar­ent­ly, writes Dai­ly Nous, “a huge Eno fan.”

In his paper “Mind as Music,” Lloyd argues that the so-called “lan­guage of thought” is, in fact, music. As he puts it, “the lin­gua fran­ca of cog­ni­tion is not a lin­gua at all,” an idea that has “after­shocks for seman­tics, method, and more.” Sev­er­al ques­tions arise: I, for one, am won­der­ing if all our brains sound like Dennett’s abstract ambi­ent score, or if some play waltzes, some operas, some psy­che­del­ic blues.…

You can learn much more about Lloyd’s fas­ci­nat­ing research in his talk, which sim­pli­fies the tech­ni­cal lan­guage of his paper. Lloyd’s work goes much fur­ther, as he says, than study­ing “the brain on music”; instead he makes a sweep­ing­ly bold case for “the brain as music.”

via Dai­ly Nous

Relat­ed Con­tent:

This is Your Brain on Jazz Impro­vi­sa­tion: The Neu­ro­science of Cre­ativ­i­ty

The Neu­ro­science of Drum­ming: Researchers Dis­cov­er the Secrets of Drum­ming & The Human Brain

New Research Shows How Music Lessons Dur­ing Child­hood Ben­e­fit the Brain for a Life­time

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Tom Waits Makes a List of His Top 20 Favorite Albums of All Time

Sinatra Hours

What’s that? Exile on Main Street’s in your top 20 favorite albums of all time? Yeah, me too. How about Trout Mask Repli­ca? A lit­tle weird, that one, right? The Base­ment Tapes? Cool… So, uh, how about Bohemi­an-Mora­vian Bands? No? Nev­er heard of it? Seri­ous­ly?

Me nei­ther.

But there it is, the music of “Czech-Bavar­i­an bands that land­ed in Texas… music both sour and bit­ter, and picante, and float­ing above itself like steam over the ket­tle… like a wheel about to go off the road all the time… the most lilt­ing lit­tle waltz… accor­dion, sopra­no sax, clar­inet, bass, ban­jo and per­cus­sion.”

Sounds like the kind of thing Tom Waits would lis­ten to.

And that’s because it is, num­ber 12 on his list of top 20, to be exact, described with just a tiny taste of his idio­syn­crat­ic music writ­ing cour­tesy of The Guardian, who pub­lished his list in 2005 as part of a series “in which the great­est record­ing artists reveal their favourite records.”

Sure, Exile is on Waits’ list, as is the Cap­tain Beef­heart and Bob Dylan. And also Frank Sina­tra, nat­u­ral­ly, and Thelo­nious Monk, Lounge Lizards, Lit­tle Richard, James Brown…

Waits com­pares the expe­ri­ence of see­ing the God­fa­ther of Soul live to a “mass at St. Patrick’s Cathe­dral on Christ­mas… You’d been changed, your life is changed now… every­body want­ed to step down, step for­ward, take com­mu­nion, take sacra­ment… get close to the stage and be anoint­ed with his sweat, his cold sweat.”

He names a com­e­dy album by the late, great Bill Hicks, who was “like a rev­erend wav­ing a gun around.” Leonard Cohen “is a poet, an Extra Large one.” Marc Ribot is “a pros­thet­ic Cuban.” The Pogues “play like sol­diers on leave… whim­si­cal and blas­phe­mous, sea­sick and sac­ri­le­gious….” Sound like some­one you know? It sounds a bit like Tom Waits.

Put his top 20 in a blender and out comes Real Gone. Sort of.

In giv­ing us his list, he gives a dou­ble gift—an inspired col­lec­tion of music root­sy, avant-garde, jazz/blues/Americana, and Oth­er; and a series of mini-essays on the mer­its of each album, each one a mas­ter­ful exer­cise in con­ci­sion and ellip­ti­cal wit. See the full list below, and stop by The Guardian to read Waits’ com­men­tary on each album.

1 In the Wee Small Hours by Frank Sina­tra
2 Solo Monk by Thelo­nious Monk
3 Trout Mask Repli­ca by Cap­tain Beef­heart
4 Exile On Main Street by the Rolling Stones
5 The Sink­ing of the Titan­ic by Gavin Bry­ers
6 The Base­ment Tapes by Bob Dylan
7 Lounge Lizards by Lounge Lizards
8 Rum Sodomy and the Lash by the Pogues
9 I’m Your Man by Leonard Cohen
10 The Spe­cial­ty Ses­sions by Lit­tle Richard
11 Star­time by James Brown
12 Bohemi­an-Mora­vian Bands by Texas-Czech
13 The Yel­low Shark by Frank Zap­pa
14 Pas­sion for Opera Aria
15 Rant in E Minor by Bill Hicks
16 Prison Songs: Mur­der­ous Home Alan Lomax Col­lec­tion
17 Cubanos Pos­ti­zos by Marc Ribot
18 Houndog by Houndog
19 Pur­ple Onion by Les Clay­pool
20 The Deliv­ery Man by Elvis Costel­lo

We’ve added a Spo­ti­fy playlist with many of his favorite albums below. And if you dig Waits’ musi­cal taste, check out this list of his favorite art films.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Tom Waits, Play­ing the Down-and-Out Barfly, Appears in Clas­sic 1978 TV Per­for­mance

The Tom Waits Map: A Map­ping of Every Place Waits Has Sung About, From L.A. to Africa’s Jun­gles

Tom Waits Names 14 of His Favorite Art Films: Felli­ni, David Lynch & More

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Radiooooo: A Musical Time Machine That Lets You Hear What Played on the Radio in Different Times & Places

The con­cept is pret­ty self explana­to­ry. Go to Radiooooo.com, pick a coun­try, pick a decade (from 1900 to Now), and then Radiooooo.com will rev up its time machine and serve up songs from that time and place. Instant­ly you can hear the radio music of 1930s Sudan, 1970s Rus­sia, and 1990s Brazil.

To learn more about Radiooooo.com, read the Indiegogo page that helped fund the orig­i­nal project. And one word of cau­tion, Radiooooo.com can take a lit­tle time to load and process things. So if you make your selec­tions and noth­ing hap­pens, give things a few moments, and all should work out.

via Boing Boing

If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newslet­ter, please find it here. Or fol­low our posts on Threads, Face­book and BlueSky.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

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Iggy Pop & Josh Homme Walk You Through How They Wrote Their New Song, “American Valhalla”

For those who love to explore the minu­tia of song writ­ing and pro­duc­tion, Hrishikesh Hirway’s Song Exploder pod­cast is a god­send, and shows off the poten­tial and pow­er of this new media. Where else could one song get a 15 minute explo­ration of its mean­ing, writ­ing, and record­ing, and from–as per this episode–Iggy Pop and Josh Homme them­selves?

Iggy Pop, now 68 years old and with a voice more sepul­chral than ever, has returned with Post Pop Depres­sion, his 23rd album, his 17th as a solo artist. And accord­ing to this inter­view, it might just be his last. Homme, Queens of the Stone Age’s front­man, co-wrote and pro­duced the album with Pop, and it is fair to say the col­lab­o­ra­tion is sim­i­lar to those between David Bowie and Pop dur­ing the ‘70s. The instru­ment choice is odd and cre­ative, with rock clichés avoid­ed by two musi­cians who know them well.

In this episode, the two walk through the cre­ation of the album’s cen­ter­piece track “Amer­i­can Val­hal­la,” start­ing with Homme’s “Shit­ty Demo” (lit­er­al­ly the title of the instru­men­tal he sent to Pop) and delv­ing into the lyric writ­ing, Pop’s thoughts about vet­er­ans, mor­tal­i­ty, the after­life, and that final line, “I’ve noth­ing but my name.” Sure, Pop says it’s a char­ac­ter speak­ing, but it sounds a bit like an epi­taph.

There’s many more sur­pris­es in this mini doc that we won’t spoil. Be sure to check out Song Exploder’s oth­er episodes as well. Even if you’ve nev­er heard of the song at the begin­ning, you’ll know it inside out by the end.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

From The Stooges to Iggy Pop: 1986 Doc­u­men­tary Charts the Rise of Punk’s God­fa­ther

Iggy Pop Reads Walt Whit­man in Col­lab­o­ra­tions With Elec­tron­ic Artists Alva Noto and Tar­wa­ter

Iggy Pop Reads Edgar Allan Poe’s Clas­sic Hor­ror Sto­ry, “The Tell-Tale Heart”

Ted Mills is a free­lance writer on the arts who cur­rent­ly hosts the artist inter­view-based FunkZone Pod­cast. You can also fol­low him on Twit­ter at @tedmills, read his oth­er arts writ­ing at tedmills.com and/or watch his films here.

The Cleanest Recordings of 1920s Louis Armstrong Songs You’ll Ever Hear

On Youtube, jazz enthu­si­ast Jonathan Holmes declares: “I can guar­an­tee this is the clean­est sound­ing Louis Arm­strong record you’ll ever hear! With the orig­i­nal trans­fer sup­plied by Nick Del­low, here is the moth­er record which was shipped by Okeh to Ger­many for their Odeon press­ings. The sound is won­der­ful­ly imme­di­ate, and crys­tal clear.” No crack­le and pop. That’s how Holmes describes the pris­tine record­ing you can hear above of the Louis Arm­strong clas­sic, “Ain’t Mis­be­havin’.” Below, hear anoth­er “moth­er met­al” record­ing of anoth­er Arm­strong song, “Knee Drops.” Enjoy the ear­ly Satch­mo in all of its won­der­ful clar­i­ty.

If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newslet­ter, please find it here. Or fol­low our posts on Threads, Face­book and BlueSky.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

via Kot­tke

Relat­ed Con­tent:

1,000 Hours of Ear­ly Jazz Record­ings Now Online: Archive Fea­tures Louis Arm­strong, Duke Elling­ton & Much More

Watch the Ear­li­est Known Footage of Louis Arm­strong Per­form­ing Live in Con­cert (Copen­hagen, 1933)

Louis Arm­strong Plays Trum­pet at the Egypt­ian Pyra­mids; Dizzy Gille­spie Charms a Snake in Pak­istan

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Willie Nelson–Young, Clean-Shaven & Wearing a Suit–Sings Early Hits at the Grand Ole Opry (1962)

On an ordi­nary after­noon, a group of friends sit around lis­ten­ing to records. Some­one puts on a Willie Nel­son album, and there is a knock at the door. It’s an old­er man, mak­ing a deliv­ery. He paus­es behind his clip­board, hear­ing the music from inside the house. “Is that Red Head­ed Stranger,” he asks? Yes. He asks if he can come in and lis­ten. And for the next thir­ty min­utes, no one says a word as the album tells its mourn­ful tale of betray­al and bloody revenge, a sto­ry, writes All­mu­sic “about a preach­er on the run after mur­der­ing his depart­ed wife and her new lover.” It’s an album that remains—with its “brief song-poems and utter­ly min­i­mal backing”—perhaps “the strangest block­buster coun­try pro­duced.”

That 1975 album of tear-jerk­ers and mur­der bal­lads, which estab­lished Nel­son as a “super­star record­ing artist,” is so “old-fash­ioned” it sounds “like a tale told around a cow­boy camp­fire.” And it is for that rea­son mil­lions of fans can’t tear them­selves away from its com­pelling nar­ra­tive and aching­ly sad, home­spun laments—including myself, a few friends, and a stranger on a sched­ule who came to the door. And if Red Head­ed Stranger is an unlike­ly block­buster, Nel­son is an unlike­ly super­star, full of con­tra­dic­tions. He’s a gen­tle out­law; an old-fash­ioned coun­try trou­ba­dour who has remained on the pro­gres­sive activist edge; and an unas­sum­ing, tra­di­tion­al artist who hap­pens to be loved across the spec­trum of gen­er­a­tions, polit­i­cal per­sua­sions, and musi­cal styles.

But before Nel­son became an inter­na­tion­al super­star he appeared on the coun­try music cir­cuit clean-shaven, short-haired, and in the nat­ty suit and tie you see him wear in the clip above from a tele­vised 1962 Grand Ole Opry per­for­mance. Close your eyes and you’ll hear that it’s undoubt­ed­ly Nelson’s famil­iar warble—though not so weath­ered with age as we’ve grown used to. But when you look, it’s hard to see the griz­zled tax-evad­ing, pot-smok­ing out­law hip­pie hero we know and love in this fresh-faced gent. Nel­son had only just moved to Nashville two years pri­or, and he strug­gled to make an impres­sion at first. But when coun­try singer Faron Young heard him sing his “Hel­lo Walls” at a bar next to the Opry, his for­tunes changed. Young sent the song into the top 40, and Nel­son became, as the host above calls him, “the Mick­ey Man­tle of coun­try music,” writ­ing hit after hit.

By ’62, he had record­ed his first LP, And Then I Wrote, singing many songs he’d giv­en to oth­er artists. He opens above with “Hel­lo Walls,” and he clos­es with his oth­er mas­sive hit from the peri­od, “Crazy,” Pat­sy Cline’s sig­na­ture tune. In-between, Nel­son sings anoth­er song from his debut album, Bil­ly Walker’s “Fun­ny How Time Slips Away,” and works in “Night Life,” a blues song he wrote for Ray Price. Only eight years after this TV appear­ance, Nel­son decid­ed to retire from music and pack it in, feel­ing like his career had run its course. It wasn’t until a cou­ple years later—after he’d become part of Austin’s eclec­tic music scene and re-invent­ed him­self musi­cal­ly with 1973’s Shot­gun Willie—that the out­law bal­ladeer we know and love was born.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Willie Nel­son Audi­tions for The Hob­bit Film Sequel, Turns 80 Today

John­ny Cash: Singer, Out­law, and, Briefly, Tele­vi­sion Host

The 1969 Bob Dylan-John­ny Cash Ses­sions: 12 Rare Record­ings

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Metallica’s Bassist Robert Trujillo Plays Metallica Songs Flamenco-Style, Joined by Rodrigo y Gabriela

Heavy Met­al has always had its baroque non-met­al ele­ments. It seems that no mat­ter how hard and fast a met­al band rocks, they’re even­tu­al­ly going to slip into some form of medieval Scan­di­na­vian folk music, Teu­ton­ic opera, Tolkienesque fan­ta­sy con­cept album song cycle, or at least—on the bub­blegum end of the spectrum—soft rock bal­lad…. (You’re prob­a­bly already pic­tur­ing tiny Stone­henge on the Spinal Tap stage.) Such ref­er­ences have been in the genre’s DNA since the days of met­al fore­fa­thers Led Zep­pelin and Deep Pur­ple.

Metal­li­ca, and the oth­er three of the big four founders of thrash metal—Anthrax, Megadeath, and Slayer—emerged as an anti­dote to metal’s occa­sion­al pre­ten­tious­ness and grandios­i­ty. Much clos­er to punk and hard­core (they once cov­ered campy hor­ror punks The Mis­fits) than to the bom­bas­tic span­dex and hair­spray indus­try met­al became, ear­ly Metal­li­ca prid­ed them­selves on vio­lent­ly aggres­sive music and imagery, and a com­plete absence of sub­tle­ty. (See the orig­i­nal title and cov­er for their debut album Kill ‘em All.)

But they soft­ened in time, as we know, and even­tu­al­ly intro­duced some some non-met­al into their songwriting—most notably in the grim acoustic bal­ladry of megahit “One.” Now, thanks to new (-ish) bassist Robert Tru­jil­lo, the met­al leg­ends can add a com­plete­ly dif­fer­ent acoustic style to their repertoire—“flamingo,” as lead singer James Het­field describes Trujillo’s fla­men­co gui­tar chops in the video above. And, as if to prove his bona fides in the fla­men­co world, Tru­jil­lo got to jam with the reign­ing king and queen of Nue­vo Fla­men­co gui­tarists, Mex­i­can duo Rodri­go y Gabriela—two play­ers whose speed and vir­tu­os­i­ty match those of the best met­al shred­ders, but whose roots come from a much old­er tra­di­tion. (See them rip through “Tama­cun” below.)

In the video at the top of the post, Tru­jil­lo and his low-slung bass join the acoustic duo on stage dur­ing their encore at a Red Rocks con­cert in 2014 for a fla­men­co-style med­ley of Metal­li­ca clas­sics, includ­ing “Ori­on,” “For Whom The Bell Tolls,” “The Frayed Ends of San­i­ty,” and “Bat­tery.” It some­how seems like a per­fect fit for the ver­sa­tile Tru­jil­lo, who grew up as inspired by jazz fusion bassist Jaco Pas­to­rius and funk and Motown play­ers (he opens his guest spot above with the “Jun­gle Boo­gie” bass riff) as he was by Black Sab­bath. He brought many of these influ­ences to pre­vi­ous bands like Sui­ci­dal Ten­den­cies and Infec­tious Grooves. And now—in addi­tion to “flamingo”—he’s brought to Metal­li­ca some­thing else pre­vi­ous­ly unheard-of in met­al: slap bass solos.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

With Medieval Instru­ments, Band Per­forms Clas­sic Songs by The Bea­t­les, Red Hot Chili Pep­pers, Metal­li­ca & Deep Pur­ple

A Blue­grass Ver­sion of Metallica’s Heavy Met­al Hit, “Enter Sand­man”

Finnish Musi­cians Play Blue­grass Ver­sions of AC/DC, Iron Maid­en & Ron­nie James Dio

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Watch the First Episode of Vinyl: Mick Jagger & Martin Scorsese’s Series on the 1970s Music Scene

A quick note: HBO recent­ly pre­miered Vinyl, which takes a Good­fel­las-style look at the seedy 1970s rock music and record-mak­ing scene. Here’s a quick snap­shot of what the show’s all about:

Cre­at­ed by Mick Jag­ger & Mar­tin Scors­ese & Rich Cohen and Ter­ence Win­ter, this new dra­ma series is set in 1970s New York. A ride through the sex- and drug-addled music busi­ness at the dawn of punk, dis­co, and hip-hop, the show is seen through the eyes of a record label pres­i­dent, Richie Fines­tra, played by Bob­by Can­navale, who is try­ing to save his com­pa­ny and his soul with­out destroy­ing every­one in his path. Addi­tion­al series reg­u­lars include Olivia Wilde, Ray Romano, Ato Essan­doh, Max Casel­la, P.J. Byrne, J.C. MacKen­zie, Bir­gitte Hjort Sørensen, Juno Tem­ple, Jack Quaid, James Jag­ger and Paul Ben-Vic­tor. Scors­ese, Jag­ger and Win­ter exec­u­tive pro­duce along with Vic­to­ria Pear­man, Rick Yorn, Emma Till­inger Koskoff, John Melfi, Allen Coul­ter and George Mas­tras. Win­ter serves as showrun­ner. The 10-episode first sea­son debuts Feb­ru­ary 14th.

The first pilot episode–directly by Scors­ese himself–is cur­rent­ly stream­ing free on HBO’s web­site. It runs two good hours. And if you want to watch the remain­ing episodes on the cheap, you can start a month­long free tri­al of HBO NOW. Just look for the “Start Your Free Month” but­ton at the top of HBO’s site.

Note: The video up top is only a trail­er for Episode 1. To watch the com­plete episode, click here.

If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newslet­ter, please find it here. Or fol­low our posts on Threads, Face­book and BlueSky.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

 

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Open Culture was founded by Dan Colman.