Hear Homer’s Iliad Read in the Original Ancient Greek

Sure, you enjoyed hear­ing the way Ancient Greek music actu­al­ly sound­ed last week, but what about the way Ancient Greek poet­ry actu­al­ly sound­ed? We can find few­er fin­er or more rec­og­niz­able exam­ples of the stuff than Home­r’s Ili­ad, and above you can hear a read­ing of a sec­tion of the Ili­ad (Book 23, Lines 62–107 )  in the orig­i­nal Ancient Greek lan­guage.

It comes from what may strike you as an unlike­ly source: Stan­ley Lom­bar­do, a Uni­ver­si­ty of Kansas clas­si­cist (and also, as it hap­pens, a Zen Bud­dhist) best known for his trans­la­tions of the Ili­ad, the Odyssey, and Vir­gil’s Aeneid into con­tem­po­rary-sound­ing Eng­lish. “Sound­ing less like aris­to­crat­ic war­riors than like Amer­i­can G.I.‘s, per­haps,” writes clas­sics-steeped crit­ic Daniel Mendel­sohn in the New York Times review of Lom­bar­do’s Ili­ad, “his epic heroes ‘bad­mouth’ and ‘beat the day­lights out of one anoth­er and with­er­ing­ly call one anoth­er ‘trash’ and ‘pan­sy.’ ”

But Lom­bar­do knows thor­ough­ly the mate­r­i­al he adapts. Even those of us who nev­er learned Ancient Greek — if I may speak for this pre­sum­ably large group of read­ers — can get a feel for Home­r’s tale of the Tro­jan War and the sol­diers’ long return home by lis­ten­ing to the pro­fes­sor’s deliv­ery alone. Just above, you can see him give a read­ing from his Eng­lish trans­la­tion. It won’t sur­prise you to learn that he also reads the audio books. “We lis­tened spell­bound to the incan­ta­to­ry waves of Pro­fes­sor Stan­ley Lombardo’s voice telling the sto­ries of Odysseus and his Odyssey and then those of the Tro­jan heroes of The Illi­ad,” writes Andrei Codres­cu in an arti­cle on them for the Vil­lager. “Pro­fes­sor Lom­bar­do trans­lat­ed anew the immor­tal epics and immersed him­self so deeply in their world his voice sound­ed as believ­able as the hills and val­leys we crossed. His voice knows the tales and their endur­ing charms, and sounds for all the world like an ancient bard’s. Homer him­self couldn’t have done bet­ter. In Eng­lish no less, mil­len­nia lat­er.”

Relat­ed Con­tent:

What Ancient Greek Music Sound­ed Like: Hear a Recon­struc­tion That is ‘100% Accu­rate’

Hear The Epic of Gil­gamesh Read in the Orig­i­nal Akka­di­an, the Lan­guage of Mesopotamia

What Shake­speare Sound­ed Like to Shake­speare: Recon­struct­ing the Bard’s Orig­i­nal Pro­nun­ci­a­tion

Homer’s Ili­ad and Odyssey: Free Audio­Books & eBooks

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on lit­er­a­ture, film, cities, Asia, and aes­thet­ics. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­lesA Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall.

Dissident Poet Joseph Brodsky Gives Six Life Tips to College Grads (1988)

Josef_Brodsky_Michigan

Image from the Uni­ver­si­ty of Michi­gan Year­book, via Wiki­me­dia Com­mons

Although Joseph Brod­sky was one of the most cel­e­brat­ed Sovi­et dis­si­dents of the 20th cen­tu­ry, the Nobel Prize-win­ning poet had been unerr­ing­ly hound­ed by the repres­sive Sovi­et gov­ern­ment, which had labeled his poet­ry as “porno­graph­ic and anti-Sovi­et.” Refus­ing to aban­don his writ­ing, Brod­sky was repeat­ed­ly brought to court, and once sen­tenced to 18 months of labor in the Arc­tic region of Arkhangel­sk. Dur­ing one of his court­room appear­ances, the young poet dis­played an admirable lev­el of tes­tic­u­lar for­ti­tude when the judge asked him, “Who has rec­og­nized you as a poet? Who has enrolled you in the ranks of poets?” Brod­sky, defi­ant, replied “No one. Who enrolled me in the ranks of the human race?”

In 1972, Brod­sky left the USSR for Amer­i­ca, where he was wide­ly sought as a lec­tur­er (his aca­d­e­m­ic bed­post includ­ed notch­es from Cam­bridge, Colum­bia, the Uni­ver­si­ty of Mass­a­chu­setts, and Mount Holyoke). On the heels of his win­ning the 1986 Nation­al Book Crit­ics’ award for crit­i­cism for Less Than One and receiv­ing the Nobel Prize for Lit­er­a­ture in 1987 (porno­graph­ic writ­ing, it seems, does quite well with the crit­ics), Brod­sky was invit­ed to give the 1988 com­mence­ment address at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Michi­gan.

Brod­sky’s remarks are far from the gal­va­niz­ing dose of inspi­ra­tion that many com­mence­ment address­es impart, and cer­tain­ly not what Michi­gan grad­u­ates were expect­ing. Rather than uplift, the poet­’s words sober­ly ground the audi­ence; instead of wrap­ping them in a warm self-assured­ness, the life tips are jar­ring, like an ice bath. Brod­sky’s address is a mix of wry humour, acknowl­edge­ment of our absur­dist exis­ten­tial dilem­ma, and bold, hon­est com­pas­sion. Read­ing Brodsky’s advice, one can’t help but feel that the poet val­ued his flawed human­i­ty even more than his art; like­ly, they were insep­a­ra­ble.

Here’s a boiled-down ver­sion of the poet’s remarks:

1) “Treat your vocab­u­lary the way you would your check­ing account.” Expres­sion often lags behind expe­ri­ence, and one should learn to artic­u­late what would oth­er­wise get pent up psy­cho­log­i­cal­ly. Learn to express your­self. Get a dic­tio­nary.

2) “Par­ents are too close a tar­get… The range is such that you can’t miss.” Be gen­er­ous with your fam­i­ly. Even if your con­vic­tions clash with theirs, don’t reject them—your skep­ti­cism of your infal­li­bil­i­ty can only ben­e­fit you. It will also save you a good deal of grief when they are gone.

3) “You ought to rely on your own home cook­ing.” Do not expect soci­ety to arrange itself to your benefit—there are too many peo­ple whose desires con­flict for that to hap­pen. Learn to rely on your­self, and help those who can­not.

4) “Try to not to stand out.” Do not cov­et mon­ey or fame for their own sake. It is best to be mod­est. There is com­fort join­ing the ranks of those who fol­low their own dis­creet paths.

5) “A par­a­lyzed will is no dain­ty for angels.” Do not indulge in vic­tim­hood. By blam­ing oth­ers, you under­mine your deter­mi­na­tion to change your cir­cum­stances. When life con­fronts you with hard­ships, remem­ber that they are no less an intrin­sic part of exis­tence. If you must strug­gle, do so with dig­ni­ty.

6) “To be social is to be for­giv­ing.” Do not let those who have hurt you live on in your com­plaints. For­get them.

The full text—irrevocably more pithy and eloquent—may be found here.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

‘This Is Water’: Com­plete Audio of David Fos­ter Wallace’s Keny­on Grad­u­a­tion Speech (2005)

George Saun­ders Extols the Virtues of Kind­ness in 2013 Speech to Syra­cuse Uni­ver­si­ty Grads

Neil Gaiman Gives Grad­u­ates 10 Essen­tial Tips for Work­ing in the Arts

An Astronaut’s Guide to Life on Earth by Commander Chris Hadfield: The Viral Book Trailer

As Com­man­der of the Inter­na­tion­al Space Sta­tion, Chris Had­field “cap­ti­vat­ed the world with stun­ning pho­tos and com­men­tary from space.” Per­haps you remem­ber him singing David Bowie’s “Space Odd­i­ty” on board the Inter­na­tion­al Space Sta­tion, or, on a more prac­ti­cal lev­el, explain­ing what hap­pens when astro­nauts shed tears in space –an impor­tant ques­tion, no doubt, but maybe not as head­line grab­bing as this oth­er Had­field talk: Every­thing You Want­ed to Know About Going to the Bath­room in Space But Were Afraid to Ask.

Had­field returned from the ISS in May, and he has appar­ent­ly been busy writ­ing a book that came out just days ago, An Astro­naut’s Guide to Life on Earth: What Going to Space Taught Me About Inge­nu­ity, Deter­mi­na­tion, and Being Pre­pared for Any­thingTo pro­mote the book, Had­field “enlist­ed his son to make a video for his new book launch that would be as enter­tain­ing as his time in space,” accord­ing to Devour. Mis­sion accom­plished, we all agree. The video has logged near­ly 1,000,000 views and count­ing in a mat­ter of days.

If you want to get famil­iar with the mate­r­i­al cov­ered in Had­field­’s book, I’d encour­age you to lis­ten to his recent inter­view with Ter­ry Gross on Fresh Air.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The Won­der, Thrill & Mean­ing of See­ing Earth from Space. Astro­nauts Reflect on The Big Blue Mar­ble

60 Sec­ond Adven­tures in Astron­o­my Explains the Big Bang, Rel­a­tiv­i­ty & More with Fun Ani­ma­tion

Star Gaz­ing from the Inter­na­tion­al Space Sta­tion (and Free Astron­o­my Cours­es Online)

The Wis­dom of Carl Sagan Ani­mat­ed

Experience Invisible Cities, an Innovative, Italo Calvino-Inspired Opera Staged in LA’s Union Station

The site spe­cif­ic opera Invis­i­ble Cities is up and run­ning at LA’s his­toric Union Sta­tion. Loca­tion aside, some­thing in this orig­i­nal work demands that I sub­ject it to the New York Mag­a­zine Approval Matrix I car­ry around in my mind. It’s a snarky, quad­fur­cat­ed rat­ing sys­tem for the lat­est trends and hap­pen­ings.

The phrase “based on an Ita­lo Calvi­no nov­el” should guar­an­tee it a spot in the High­brow range.

Opera purists might con­sid­er the fact that tick­et hold­ers must rely on wire­less head­phones to get the full sound mix as rea­son enough to send this inno­v­a­tive work to the Despi­ca­ble end of a “delib­er­ate­ly over­sim­pli­fied guide to who falls where on our taste hier­ar­chies.” A philis­tine myself, I think match­ing wan­der­ing singers to an invis­i­ble live orches­tra (they’re sequestered in a near­by room) sounds Bril­liant. It’s as if a  silent dis­co and a flash mob mat­ed, giv­ing birth to a baby with imper­vi­ous street cred and an incred­i­ble set of pipes. Here, have a lis­ten

Unlike the typ­i­cal Improv Every­where lark, the audi­ence here is in on this gag. Though inno­cent passers­by may won­der why var­i­ous indi­vid­u­als are moon­ing around the ter­mi­nal singing, Invis­i­ble Cities is a tick­et­ed per­for­mance. Indeed, its pop­u­lar­i­ty is such that the pro­duc­ers have need­ed to add extra free shows. Approval Matrix sug­gests it’s time to hop a train to LA.

H/T Kim L.

via GigaOm

Relat­ed Con­tent:

What Hap­pens When Every­day Peo­ple Get a Chance to Con­duct a World-Class Orches­tra

Watch a Whim­si­cal Ani­ma­tion of Ita­lo Calvino’s Short Sto­ry “The Dis­tance of the Moon”

Stephen Fry Hosts “The Sci­ence of Opera,” a Dis­cus­sion of How Music Moves Us Phys­i­cal­ly to Tears

Ayun Hal­l­i­day dreams that her opera-hat­ing 13-year-old son will one day con­sent to attend anoth­er free dress rehearsal at the Met, so that she can chap­er­one. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

Lou Reed Rewrites Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven.” See Readings by Reed and Willem Dafoe

Yes, Hal­loween is behind us, and some peo­ple may desire a break from the Lou Reed trib­utes in order to mourn him silent­ly. Fair enough. But indulge us once more, because Reed’s best music and the dark imag­i­na­tive work of Edgar Allan Poe are always rel­e­vant, and when they come togeth­er, it’s rea­son to cel­e­brate. And come togeth­er they did ten years ago with the record­ing of Reed’s con­cept album The Raven, a selec­tion of musi­cal and dra­mat­ic pieces put togeth­er by Reed. The album notably fea­tures actors such as Willem Dafoe, Steve Busce­mi, Eliz­a­beth Ash­ley, and Aman­da Plum­mer and guest artists like David Bowie, Kate and Anna McGar­rigle, and Ornette Cole­man.

The col­lab­o­ra­tion, if you can call it such, between Reed and Poe makes per­fect sense. As Mark Dem­ing at All­mu­sic writes, “it’s no won­der why Lou Reed regards Poe as a kin­dred spir­it.” Reed said as much in the lin­er notes: “I have reread and rewrit­ten Poe to ask the same ques­tions again. Who am I? Why am I drawn to do what I should not? … Why do we love what we can­not have? Why do we have a pas­sion for exact­ly the wrong thing?” Despite its col­lec­tion of seem­ing­ly mis­matched parts, Reed’s The Raven worked, Dem­ing writes, and Reed hadn’t “sound­ed this com­mit­ted and engaged” in “over a decade” (Pitch­fork had a decid­ed­ly dif­fer­ent take on the album).

The Raven was orig­i­nal­ly a com­mis­sioned work for a stage pro­duc­tion called POEt­ry, an adap­ta­tion of Poe’s work by Robert Wil­son (who had pre­vi­ous­ly worked with Tom Waits on The Black Rid­er). The title record­ing of Reed’s adapt­ed “The Raven” (top) is actu­al­ly read by a creepy-voiced Willem Dafoe. Ten years lat­er, we have Reed him­self read­ing his ver­sion of “The Raven” (above) at Cannes just this past June. He looks and sounds rather frail, but he’s men­tal­ly in top form. He breaks into his own read­ing to point out the fact that his ver­sion of the poem uses Poe’s “exact rhythm.” “If you don’t believe me,” he says, “you can check it line-by-line.” And so you can. Read Reed’s “The Raven” against Poe’s orig­i­nal. Of his mod­ern­iza­tion, Reed said:

The lan­guage is dif­fi­cult, because there are a lot of arcane words that prob­a­bly no one knew that they meant, even at the time – archi­tec­tur­al terms and what­not. So I spent a lot of time with the dic­tio­nary, to make it more con­tem­po­rary, easy to read. Or eas­i­er, I should say.

The Reed/Poe/Robert Wil­son col­lab­o­ra­tion also pro­duced a 2011 book, also called The Raven and illus­trat­ed by artist Loren­zo Mat­tot­ti.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Christo­pher Walken, Iggy Pop, Deb­bie Har­ry & Oth­er Celebs Read Tales by Edgar Allan Poe

Lou Reed — Vel­vet Under­ground Front­man, Influ­en­tial Solo Musi­cian — Dead at 71

Watch Red Shirley, Lou Reed’s Short Doc­u­men­tary on His Fas­ci­nat­ing 100-Year-Old Cousin (2010)

Nico, Lou Reed & John Cale Sing the Clas­sic Vel­vet Under­ground Song ‘Femme Fatale’ (Paris, 1972)

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Mary Shelley’s Handwritten Manuscripts of Frankenstein Now Online for the First Time

Frankenstein_engraved

Thanks to the new­ly-opened Shel­ley-God­win Archive, you can read “for the first time in dig­i­tal form all the known man­u­scripts of Franken­stein,” Mary Shel­ley’s finest work and arguably the most famous work of British Roman­ti­cism.

The sto­ry behind the writ­ing of Franken­stein is famous. In 1816, Mary Shel­ley and Per­cy Bysshe Shel­ley, sum­mer­ing near Lake Gene­va in Switzer­land, were chal­lenged by Lord Byron to take part in a com­pe­ti­tion to write a fright­en­ing tale. Mary, only 18 years old, lat­er had a wak­ing dream of sorts where she imag­ined the premise of her book:

When I placed my head on my pil­low, I did not sleep, nor could I be said to think. My imag­i­na­tion, unbid­den, pos­sessed and guid­ed me, gift­ing the suc­ces­sive images that arose in my mind with a vivid­ness far beyond the usu­al bounds of rever­ie. I saw — with shut eyes, but acute men­tal vision, — I saw the pale stu­dent of unhal­lowed arts kneel­ing beside the thing he had put togeth­er. I saw the hideous phan­tasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the work­ing of some pow­er­ful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion.

This became the ker­nel of Franken­stein; or, The Mod­ern Prometheusthe nov­el first pub­lished in Lon­don in 1818, with only 500 copies put in cir­cu­la­tion. In writ­ing Franken­stein, Shel­ley used a series of note­books that “can now be viewed in high qual­i­ty, resiz­able page images.” Each hand-writ­ten page comes accom­pa­nied by a typed tran­script. Find them all here.

manuscript frankenstein

Fund­ed by The Nation­al Endow­ment for the Human­i­ties and The Gladys Krieble Del­mas Foun­da­tion, the new archive was assem­bled by the Uni­ver­si­ty of Maryland’s Insti­tute for Tech­nol­o­gy in the Human­i­ties, The New York Pub­lic Library, the Bodleian Library, The Hunt­ing­ton, and the Har­vard Uni­ver­si­ty Library.

Down the line, the Shel­ley-God­win Archive “will pro­vide the dig­i­tized man­u­scripts of Per­cy Bysshe Shel­ley, Mary Woll­stonecraft Shel­ley, William God­win, and Mary Woll­stonecraft, bring­ing togeth­er online for the first time ever the wide­ly dis­persed hand­writ­ten lega­cy of this unique­ly gift­ed fam­i­ly of writ­ers.” So stay tuned for more.

Note: The Archive rec­om­mends using recent ver­sions of Google’s Chrome brows­er or the lat­est ver­sion of Safari or Mozil­la Fire­fox when view­ing the man­u­scripts.

via The New York Times

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Lit­er­a­ture: Free Online Cours­es

See F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Hand­writ­ten Man­u­scripts for The Great Gats­by, This Side of Par­adise & More

The Online Emi­ly Dick­in­son Archive Makes Thou­sands of the Poet’s Man­u­scripts Freely Avail­able

James Joyce Man­u­scripts Online, Free Cour­tesy of The Nation­al Library of Ire­land

Franken­stein: The First Adap­ta­tion of Mary Shelley’s Nov­el to Film (1910)

Find Franken­stein in our Free eBooks and Free Audio Books col­lec­tions

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Prize-Winning Animation Lets You Fly Through 17th Century London

Six stu­dents from De Mont­fort Uni­ver­si­ty have cre­at­ed a stel­lar 3D rep­re­sen­ta­tion of 17th cen­tu­ry Lon­don, as it exist­ed before The Great Fire of 1666. The three-minute video pro­vides a real­is­tic ani­ma­tion of Tudor Lon­don, and par­tic­u­lar­ly a sec­tion called Pud­ding Lane where the fire start­ed. As Lon­don­ist notes, “Although most of the build­ings are con­jec­tur­al, the stu­dents used a real­is­tic street pat­tern [tak­en from his­tor­i­cal maps] and even includ­ed the hang­ing signs of gen­uine inns and busi­ness­es” men­tioned in diaries from the peri­od.

For their efforts, the De Mont­fort team was award­ed first prize in the Off the Map con­test, a com­pe­ti­tion run by The British Library and video game devel­op­ers GameCity and Cry­tek.

Com­ment­ing on the video, one judge from the esteemed British Library had this to say:

Some of these vis­tas would not look at all out of place as spe­cial effects in a Hol­ly­wood stu­dio pro­duc­tion. The haze effect lying over the city is bril­liant, and great atten­tion has been giv­en to key fea­tures of Lon­don Bridge, the wood­en struc­ture of Queen­shithe on the riv­er, even the glit­ter­ing win­dow case­ments. I’m real­ly pleased that the Pud­ding Lane team was able to repur­pose some of the maps from the British Library’s amaz­ing map col­lec­tion – a store­house of vir­tu­al worlds – in such a con­sid­ered way.

You can find more infor­ma­tion about how the ani­ma­tion came togeth­er over at the ani­ma­tors’ blog, plus at The British Library’s Dig­i­tal Schol­ar­ship blog.

Fol­low Open Cul­ture on Face­book and Twit­ter and share intel­li­gent media with your friends. Or bet­ter yet, sign up for our dai­ly email and get a dai­ly dose of Open Cul­ture in your inbox. And if you want to make sure that our posts def­i­nite­ly appear in your Face­book news­feed, just fol­low these sim­ple steps.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

His­to­ry: Free Online Cours­es

Rome Reborn – An Amaz­ing Dig­i­tal Mod­el of Ancient Rome

How the Egypt­ian Pyra­mids Were Built: A New The­o­ry in 3D Ani­ma­tion

A Dig­i­tal Recon­struc­tion of Wash­ing­ton D.C. in 1814

What Ancient Greek Music Sound­ed Like: Hear a Recon­struc­tion That is ‘100% Accu­rate’

Watch Goethe’s Haunting Poem, “Der Erlkönig,” Presented in an Artful Sand Animation

Back in col­lege, I took a fall-quar­ter intro­duc­to­ry music course. We hap­pened to have class on Hal­loween (an event quite seri­ous­ly tak­en around the Uni­ver­si­ty of Cal­i­for­nia, San­ta Bar­bara, in case you did­n’t know), and the pro­fes­sor held an espe­cial­ly mem­o­rable lec­ture that day. He had us study “Der Erlkönig,” music by Franz Schu­bert, words by none oth­er than Johann Wolf­gang von Goethe. While I will not claim that this tale of the haunt­ing of a mori­bund child, even with its dri­ving score, gen­uine­ly fright­ened me, I will say that it put the fear into me in a more exis­ten­tial way, a blow which only a sim­ple sto­ry can land effec­tive­ly.

“Who rides, so late, through night and wind?” asks Goethe’s poem, trans­lat­ed from the Ger­man. “It is the father with his child. He has the boy well in his arm. He holds him safe­ly, he keeps him warm.” The man feels con­cern for his ail­ing son, but the boy has trou­bles of his own: “Father, do you not see the Erlk­ing?” The father explains his son’s vision of this men­ac­ing­ly regal fig­ure away as the fog, as the wind, as the trees. But the child insists: “My father, my father, he’s grab­bing me now! The Erlk­ing has done me harm!” By the time their horse reach­es home, indeed, the Erlk­ing — or some obscure agent of mor­tal­i­ty — has him. Hear this fable sung, and watch it vivid­ly ani­mat­ed with sand on glass (no doubt a painstak­ing process) by Ben Zelkow­icz above. Hal­loween itself may have just passed, but “Der Erlkönig” remains time­less­ly haunt­ing.

We’ll add “Der Erlkönig” to the Ani­ma­tion sec­tion of our col­lec­tion of Free Movies Online.

via NFB

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The Tale of the Fox: Watch Ladis­las Starevich’s Ani­ma­tion of Goethe’s Great Ger­man Folk­tale (1937)

Goethe’s The­o­ry of Col­ors: The 1810 Trea­tise That Inspired Kandin­sky and Ear­ly Abstract Paint­ing

World War II Reliv­ed through Sand Paint­ing

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on lit­er­a­ture, film, cities, Asia, and aes­thet­ics. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­lesA Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall.

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