Read Fanny Hill, the 18th-Century Erotic Novel That Went to the Supreme Court in the 20th Century

Fanny_Hill_1910_cover

In a recent inter­view with lit­er­ary his­to­ri­an Loren Glass about the achieve­ments of taboo-bust­ing pub­lish­er Grove Press, I won­dered whether any­one grow­ing up today could con­ceive of a book caus­ing a pub­lic scan­dal, let alone a tri­al that reach­es the Supreme Court. Grove had the high­est-pro­file of its sev­er­al legal skir­mish­es after pub­lish­ing Hen­ry Miller’s Trop­ic of Can­cer in 1961. Two years lat­er, G.P. Put­nam Sons would  drop their own lit­er­ary bomb­shell in the form of Mem­oirs of a Woman of Plea­sure, bet­ter known by the name of the pro­tag­o­nist there ref­er­enced, Fan­ny Hill, who, orphaned at fif­teen, throws her­self into a career in “prof­it by pleas­ing.” Orig­i­nal­ly writ­ten in 1748 by John Cle­land, a for­mer British East India Com­pa­ny employ­ee locked up in debtors’ prison, the book broke new ground by offer­ing almost noth­ing but a string of elab­o­rate­ly craft­ed (and, tech­ni­cal­ly, “vul­gar” lan­guage-free) sex scenes.

“A par­tial list of the book’s adven­tures includes an orgy, sex between women, mas­tur­ba­tion, masochism, cross-dress­ing, and a detailed sodomy scene that is one of only two known explic­it depic­tions of male same-sex ardor in the lan­guage before the end of the 19th cen­tu­ry,” writes the Boston Globe’s Ruth Gra­ham in an arti­cle on the 50th anniver­sary of the Fan­ny Hill-vin­di­cat­ing ver­dict. “The book still has the capac­i­ty to shock. As [assis­tant attor­ney gen­er­al William I.] Cowin not­ed in front of the Supreme Court, after the first 10 pages of the nov­el, ‘all but 32 have sex­u­al themes.’ But Fan­ny Hill would not have sur­vived so long if it were mere­ly scan­dalous in 18th-cen­tu­ry terms: It remains rev­o­lu­tion­ary today because, as Eng­lish crit­ic Peter Quen­nell wrote in the intro­duc­tion to the 1963 edi­tion, “It treats of plea­sure as the aim and end of exis­tence.” You can find out just what this means by down­load­ing the book free from Project Guten­berg or iTunes, or lis­ten­ing to a free audio ver­sion here. Whether these text-only edi­tions count as work­safe all depends, of course, on the size of your screen and the lit­er­a­cy of your co-work­ers. You can see bawdy illus­tra­tions that appeared in his­tor­i­cal edi­tions here. Note that they are very defin­i­tive­ly NSFW.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

74 Free Banned Books for Banned Books Week

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on lit­er­a­ture, film, cities, Asia, and aes­thet­ics. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­lesA Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall.

The Actual Schindler’s List Is For Sale on Ebay, Starting Bid $3,000,000

ShindlersListpage1

Click image above to enlarge

The sto­ry of Oskar Schindler, sav­ior of thou­sands of Pol­ish Jews, pro­duced an epic nov­el, Schindler’s Ark, which in turn pro­duced Steven Spielberg’s epic Schindler’s List. Like that of Anne Frank, Schindler’s sto­ry con­tains actions both unimag­in­ably coura­geous and relat­ably human, and so his dra­ma moves us past the stu­pe­fy­ing­ly bru­tal machin­ery of the Nazi death camps and into the lives of the real peo­ple under threat and those who helped them. But when we step out of the mem­oirs and fic­tion­al­iza­tions and back into the dry his­to­ry of doc­u­ments, mem­os, and orders, the inhu­man bureau­crat­ic cast of Nazi effi­cien­cy returns, even in the case of Oskar Schindler.

Take the actu­al list (page one above). A fea­ture­less busi­ness ledger, the list is indis­tin­guish­able from the many con­cen­tra­tion camp reg­is­ters and death records Schindler’s fel­low Nazis kept assid­u­ous­ly as they went about the busi­ness of erad­i­cat­ing a whole pop­u­la­tion. We know, of course, that Schindler played the part of a par­ty believ­er to save lives instead of take them, but it’s still quite eerie to look over this face­less list of names and con­tem­plate how close these men and women came to the hor­rors of the camps that took so many of their neigh­bors, friends, and rel­a­tives.

The list above is now on sale through an Ebay auc­tion, start­ing bid 3 mil­lion dol­lars. It is cer­ti­fied authen­tic as the actu­al list typed up by Shindler’s accoun­tant Itzhak Stern (played by Ben Kings­ley in the film). The auc­tion page pro­vides the fol­low­ing infor­ma­tion:

Itzhak Stern typed up the 14 page list on onion skin paper. Up for auc­tion is not a copy of that list, but the actu­al one. It was sold by Itzhak Stern’s nephew to the cur­rent own­er. It is dat­ed in pen­cil on the first page, April 18, 1945. The auc­tion will also include a copy of the affi­davit from Stern’s nephew, recount­ing more details and prove­nance on The List. There’s a com­plete his­to­ry of the com­po­si­tion of the list in David Crowe’s bril­liant bio, Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His Life, Wartime Activ­i­ties, and the True Sto­ry Behind the List.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The Tri­al of Adolf Eich­mann at 50

Rare 1940 Audio: Thomas Mann Explains the Nazis’ Ulte­ri­or Motive for Spread­ing Anti-Semi­tism

Rudolf Braz­da, Last Man to Wear the Pink Tri­an­gle Dur­ing the Holo­caust, Tells His Sto­ry

Han­nah Arendt Dis­cuss­es Phi­los­o­phy, Pol­i­tics & Eich­mann in Rare 1964 TV Inter­view

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Wash­ing­ton, DC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

 

Henry Rollins: Education is the Cure to “Disaster Capitalism”

We’ve already fea­tured for­mer Black Flag front­man and cur­rent spo­ken-word artist Hen­ry Rollins explain­ing why, to his mind, only edu­ca­tion can restore democ­ra­cy. He also believes it can cure some­thing he calls “dis­as­ter cap­i­tal­ism,” and you can hear more from him about it in the Big Think video above. He address­es, in his char­ac­ter­is­ti­cal­ly straight­for­ward man­ner, the ques­tions of what exact­ly ails the Amer­i­can econ­o­my, how that ail­ment might have come about, and how the coun­try can edu­cate itself back to health. We may indi­vid­u­al­ly get our edu­ca­tions now, he grants, but “how long will it be until Amer­i­ca fis­cal­ly turns itself around” to the point of repay­ing “the risk of the invest­ment on that stu­dent loan to get a per­son through four years of col­lege? Will that per­son get a job where pay­ing off that loan and get­ting a house and afford­ing a fam­i­ly, will that be a pos­si­bil­i­ty? In the present Amer­i­ca, it doesn’t look like it is.”

See­ing a dire nation­al sit­u­a­tion, Rollins rec­om­mends doing like Chi­na, but not in the way you might assume. He sug­gests look­ing “500 years at a time,” much far­ther up the road than we have of late. “I’d be look­ing up the road so far my eyes would fall out of my head.” He wants the coun­try to become “like Europe, where they’ll edu­cate your kid until his head explodes,” pro­duc­ing “three doc­tors per floor of every apart­ment build­ing” and doing so by mak­ing “col­lege tuition either free or real­ly low.” Gen­er­al­ly thought of as lib­er­al, Rollins sums this up in a way that might appeal to his ide­o­log­i­cal oppo­nents: “If you have a coun­try full of whip-crack smart peo­ple, you have a coun­try the rest of the world will fear. They will not invade a coun­try of edu­cat­ed peo­ple because we are so smart we’ll build a laser that will burn you, the ene­my, in your sleep before you can even mobi­lize your air force to kill us. We will kill you so fast because we are so smart and we will have for­eign pol­i­cy that will not piss you off to the point to where you have to attack us.”

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Hen­ry Rollins Pitch­es Edu­ca­tion as the Key to Restor­ing Democ­ra­cy

Hen­ry Rollins Tells Young Peo­ple to Avoid Resent­ment and to Pur­sue Suc­cess with a “Monas­tic Obses­sion”

Hen­ry Rollins Remem­bers the Life-Chang­ing Deci­sion That Brought Him From Häa­gen-Dazs to Black Flag

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on lit­er­a­ture, film, cities, Asia, and aes­thet­ics. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall.

Rare 1910 Audio: Sarah Bernhardt, ‘The Most Famous Actress the World Has Ever Known,’ in Racine’s Phèdre

Sarah_Berhardt_dans_Phèdre

The French actress Sarah Bern­hardt is often remem­bered as the first inter­na­tion­al super­star. Her hyp­not­ic pres­ence and flam­boy­ant per­son­al­i­ty are leg­endary. “She could con­trive thrill after thrill,” wrote Lyt­ton Stra­chey of Bern­hardt’s act­ing abil­i­ty, “she could seize and tear the nerves of her audi­ence, she could touch, she could ter­ri­fy, to the top of her aston­ish­ing bent.” Bern­hardt died before the age of talk­ing movies, notes her biog­ra­ph­er Robert Got­tlieb, “yet she remains the most famous actress the world has ever known.”

How good was she? Lis­ten below, and you can begin to form your own opin­ion. The record­ing was made in Feb­ru­ary of 1910, when Bern­hardt and her troupe were tour­ing Amer­i­ca. To tap into the emerg­ing phono­graph­ic record mar­ket, Bern­hardt stopped by Thomas Edis­on’s lab­o­ra­to­ry in West Orange, New Jer­sey, to cut some wax cylin­ders. For one record­ing, she chose a scene from Jean Racine’s 1677 tragedy Phè­dre, which is based on Euripi­des’ Hip­poly­tus and Seneca’s Phae­dra. Bern­hardt plays the title role oppo­site an unknown actor in the high­ly dra­mat­ic Act II Scene V, in which Phè­dre declares her love for Hypoly­te, her step­son:

Unfor­tu­nate­ly, the video image moves in a dis­tract­ing way. So per­haps the best way to enjoy the audio is to for­get the image and read along with Bern­hardt. A full tran­script fol­lows the jump:

(more…)

The Atheism Tapes Presents Lengthy Interviews with Arthur Miller, Daniel Dennett & Richard Dawkins About Religion and Unbelief

The his­to­ry of religion(s) is a fas­ci­nat­ing sub­ject, one that should be cov­ered, in my hum­ble opin­ion, as an inte­gral part of every lib­er­al arts edu­ca­tion. But the his­to­ry of atheism—of disbelief—is a sub­ject that only emerges piece­meal, in oppo­si­tion­al con­texts, espe­cial­ly in the wake of recent fun­da­men­tal­ist upris­ings in the past decade or so. We cov­ered one such his­to­ry recent­ly, the 2004 BBC series Athe­ism: A Rough His­to­ry of Dis­be­lief, made by direc­tor Jonathan Miller and fea­tur­ing such high-pro­file thinkers as Richard Dawkins, Daniel Den­nett, Arthur Miller, and physi­cist Steven Wein­berg.

Miller’s series orig­i­nal­ly includ­ed much more mate­r­i­al than he could air, and so the BBC agreed to let him pro­duce the out­take inter­views as a sep­a­rate pro­gram called The Athe­ism Tapes. It’s a series in six parts, fea­tur­ing inter­views with Eng­lish philoso­pher Col­in McGinn, Wein­berg, Miller, Dawkins, Den­nett, and British the­olo­gian Denys Turn­er. At the top, watch Miller’s intro to The Athe­ism Tapes and his inter­view with Col­in McGinn. It’s an inter­est­ing angle—Miller gets to quiz McGinn on “what it means to be a skep­ti­cal Eng­lish philoso­pher in such a seem­ing­ly reli­gious coun­try as the Unit­ed States.” Many read­ers may sym­pa­thize with McGinn’s dif­fi­cul­ty in com­mu­ni­cat­ing his unbe­lief to those who find the con­cept total­ly alien.

Direct­ly above, watch Daniel Den­nett (after the intro) dis­cuss the rela­tion­ship between athe­ism and Darwin’s rev­o­lu­tion­ary the­o­ry. Miller is a won­der­ful interviewer—sympathetic, prob­ing, informed, humor­ous, human­ist. He is the per­fect per­son to bring all these fig­ures togeth­er and get their var­i­ous takes on mod­ern unbe­lief, because despite his own pro­fes­sions, Miller real­ly cares about these big meta­phys­i­cal ques­tions, and his pas­sion and curios­i­ty are shared by all of his inter­vie­wees. In the intro­duc­tion to his inter­view with play­wright Arthur Miller (below), Jonathan Miller makes the provoca­tive claim that Chris­tian­i­ty believes “there’s some­thing pecu­liar about the Jews that makes them pecu­liar­ly sus­cep­ti­ble to pro­fane dis­be­lief.” Watch Arthur Miller’s response below.

One would hope that all man­ner of people—believers, athe­ists, and the non-committal—would come away from The Athe­ism Tapes with at least a healthy respect for the integri­ty of philo­soph­i­cal and sci­en­tif­ic inquiry and doubt. See the full series on YouTube here. Or pur­chase your copy on Ama­zon here.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Athe­ism: A Rough His­to­ry of Dis­be­lief, with Jonathan Miller

Richard Dawkins Makes the Case for Evo­lu­tion in the 1987 Doc­u­men­tary, The Blind Watch­mak­er

Philoso­pher Daniel Den­nett Presents Sev­en Tools For Crit­i­cal Think­ing

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Wash­ing­ton, DC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Video: Bob Marley Plays a Soccer Match in Brazil, 1980

“Foot­ball is a whole skill to itself. A whole world. A whole uni­verse to itself. Me love it because you have to be skill­ful to play it! Free­dom! Foot­ball is free­dom.”

Bob Mar­ley spoke those lines in 1979, two years before his life was cut short by melanoma, reveal­ing his pas­sion for the world’s game, or what we call “soc­cer” here in Amer­i­ca. Casu­al fans might not know this, but Mar­ley fol­lowed Brazil­ian foot­ball close­ly, revered Pele, made the sport part of his dai­ly rou­tine, and when he trav­eled to Rio de Janeiro in 1980, he took part in a now leg­endary match on musi­cian Chico Buarque’s pri­vate pitch. Team A con­sist­ed of Mar­ley, Junior Mar­vin (mem­ber of the Wail­ers), Paulo César Caju (mem­ber of the Brazil 1970 squad), Toquin­ho (Brazil­ian musi­cian), Chico Buar­que and Jacob Miller (lead singer of Inner Cir­cle). Team B fea­tured Alceu Valença (Brazil­ian musi­cian), Chicão (mem­ber of Jorge Ben’s band) and four staff mem­bers from Island Records, recalls Russ Slater in Sounds and Colours. The short clip above shows Mar­ley scor­ing a goal, despite being well into his bat­tle with melanoma.

In the sec­ond clip above, you can watch footage of Mar­ley drib­bling the ball a lit­tle more. At Retro­naut, you’ll find umpteen pho­tos of Mar­ley in his foot­ball glo­ry.

If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newslet­ter, please find it here. Or fol­low our posts on Threads, Face­book, BlueSky or Mastodon.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Watch “The Secret Tour­na­ment” & “The Rematch,” Ter­ry Gilliam’s Star-Stud­ded Soc­cer Ads for Nike

The Mon­ty Python Phi­los­o­phy Foot­ball Match: The Greeks v. the Ger­mans

Amaz­ing Flip­book Ani­ma­tion Shows Off the Skills of Ronald­in­ho

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The Way Too Philosophical Pop Song

Sec­ond City has giv­en us many great improv com­e­dy sketch­es and come­di­ans over the decades … and now com­ic videos on YouTube too. From this video col­lec­tion comes the “Too Philo­soph­i­cal Pop Song,” whose open­ing lines resem­ble the hack­neyed lyrics of so many con­tem­po­rary pop tunes.

We’ve got to be young while we live, and live while we are young.
We’ve got to live for tonight because tomor­row won’t come.

We’ve all heard these exis­ten­tial clichés before, right? But then, the “Too Philo­soph­i­cal Pop Song” gets, well, too philo­soph­i­cal, swerv­ing dark­ly of course.

We have to par­ty like we’ll nev­er see tomor­row, there­by destroy­ing the intrin­sic val­ue of this moment and our­selves.
The cer­tain­ty of death inval­i­dates our actions tonight.
We’re thrown into this uni­verse with no pur­pose, com­pelled to fab­ri­cate mean­ing.
There is no good, there is no right, and our morals are craft­ed out of rea­son.

Makes it a lit­tle hard to get your groove on … unless you’re a UVA grad stu­dent or one of those heady guys at Par­tial­lyEx­am­inedLife. Don’t miss their pod­cast.

via Leit­er Reports

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Free Phi­los­o­phy Cours­es from Great Uni­ver­si­ties

Rap­ping About Sci­ence: Watch High School Senior Jabari John­son Talk Physics with Poet­ic Lyrics

A Song of Our Warm­ing Plan­et: Cel­list Turns 130 Years of Cli­mate Change Data into Music

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Watch Pitch Tar Finally Drip in One of World’s Oldest, Slowest-Moving Experiments

Let’s take a lit­tle break from our fast-mov­ing world and watch one of the world’s old­est and slow­est-mov­ing exper­i­ments in action. Begun in Octo­ber 1944 at Trin­i­ty Col­lege Dublin’s School of Physics, the Tar Drop exper­i­ment has attempt­ed to mea­sure the vis­cos­i­ty of pitch tar, a poly­mer that seems sol­id at room tem­per­a­ture. The goal of the exper­i­ment? To demon­strate that pitch tar actu­al­ly flows and to cap­ture a drop falling from a fun­nel — some­thing that hap­pens about once a decade. Above, you can watch a time­lapse video of all the excit­ing action. It marks the first time a pitch drop has ever been cap­tured on film.

It’s worth not­ing that the The Uni­ver­si­ty of Queens­land has its own Pitch Drop Exper­i­ment going. It start­ed back in 1927. And it’s cur­rent­ly list­ed in the Guin­ness Book of World Records as the world’s longest-run­ning lab­o­ra­to­ry exper­i­ment.

In the seg­ment below, Radi­o­lab offers a primer on the famous exper­i­ment.

via CNET

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